A flesh-eating parasite known as the New World Screwworm has been detected in a Texas calf,prompting a coordinated response from state and federal agncies to prevent a widespread outbreak.

The $2 .1 billion threat

Economic analyses from Texas A&M University AgriLife Extension estimate that potential losses for Texas cattle producers and the hunting/wildlife industry could reach $2 .1 billion if the infestaton spreads.

The parasite primarily spreads through the movement of infested animals by humans, though fly mobility also contributes to geographic expansion.

Quarantines and surveillance

State and federal agencies are responding with quarantines, surveillance, and sterile fly releases to prevent an outbreak that could devastate livestock and wildlife.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has confirmed the detection of New World Screwworm larvae in a calf located less than 50 miles inland from the Texas-Mexico border,in Zavala County.

Human infections rare, but a concern

Human infections are rare; the CDC reports only one travel-related case in the U.S. since the parasite reemerged in Central America, identified in Maryland in August 2025 in a person who had visited El Salvador.

Overall, the reintroduction of the New World Screwworm represents a serious agricultural and economic threat , prompting coordinated federal and state efforts to prevent a widespread outbreak .

State of emergency declared

Texas Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller has issued strong warnings, noting that swarms of screwworm flies were observed 187 miles south of the Rio Grande during an unusually mild winter, indicating the pest is active earlier than expected.

He emphasized that the threat could impact livestock, wildlife, pets, and even people, urging ranchers, hunters, and pet owners to prepare.

August 2025: A turning point

In August 2025, Governor Greg Abbott responded to the escalating threat by issuing a statewide disaster declaration and activating emergency powers to facilitate a rapid response.

The USDA, alongside state partners, has implemented a multi-strategy approach to contain and eradicate the parasite.