What’s more comforting and universally enjoyed than a peanut butter and jelly sandwich? The story of this affordable favorite began 125 years ago in Boston, as detailed by WBUR’s weekly arts and culture newsletter, The ARTery.

The Rise of a Classic

According to the National Peanut Board, the average adult consumes a PB&J sandwich three times a month. But how did it achieve such widespread popularity? Food historian Susan Benjamin traces the sandwich’s origins back to the late 19th century.

Victorian Roots and Early Combinations

Before becoming a unified sandwich, both peanut butter and jelly were enjoyed separately. In the late 1800s, peanut butter was promoted as a health food and became widely available. Newspapers even featured recipes for jelly sandwiches. However, the pivotal moment arrived in 1901.

The First Printed Recipe

An article published by the Boston Cooking School, founded to empower women with knowledge of domestic science, nutrition, and budgeting, introduced the combination. The recipe suggested, “For variety, someday try making little sandwiches…of three very thin layers of bread and two of filling, one of peanut paste…and currant or crab apple jelly for the other.”

From Tea Rooms to Lunchboxes

Benjamin notes this is the first known printed recipe for the PB&J, initially appearing in the tea rooms frequented by the wealthy. Soon after, variations began to emerge across the country, including unconventional pairings like peanut butter with watercress, pickles, cheese, onions, and even anchovies.

A Solution for Modern Women

By the 1920s, a shift occurred. Women expressed a desire for more freedom and less time spent in the kitchen. Peanut butter and jelly offered a convenient solution. As Benjamin explains, “Not only do the kids love it, but they can do it for themselves.”

Mass Production and Enduring Appeal

Commercial manufacturers like Peter Pan, along with the advent of machine-sliced bread, further propelled the PB&J’s popularity. Its appeal endured due to its nutritional value, shelf stability, portability, and affordability. It sustained families during the Depression and was included in rations for World War II soldiers.

Post-War Convenience and Modern Adaptations

In the post-war 1950s, despite the pressure to conform to domestic ideals, PB&J remained a guilt-free convenience. Today, the classic sandwich has evolved, inspiring variations like crustless Lunchables, smoothies, jelly beans, and even Reese’s PB&J Cups. For Susan Benjamin, it remains a symbol of convenience and empowerment for women.

“Peanut butter and jelly is just a twosome that’s become inseparable,” Benjamin said. “It’s for the working person and the well-to-do. And the best part about peanut butter and jelly is it never, ever became expensive.”