A Historical Alliance Re-examined

In 1965, Filipino and Mexican American farmworkers forged a historic partnership to strike against California grape growers. This movement, led by Filipino labor organizer Larry Itliong and Cesar Chavez of the National Farm Workers Association, remains a pivotal chapter in American labor history. Recent allegations of abuse against Chavez have sparked a broader conversation about how these historical figures are remembered and the necessity of centering marginalized voices.

The Struggle of the 'Manong' Generation

Between the 1920s and 1960s, tens of thousands of Filipinos migrated to the U.S. to work in agriculture, factories, and canneries. Known as manong—an affectionate term for older brothers—these men faced systemic discrimination, including low wages and poor living conditions. Because of anti-miscegenation laws and limited female immigration, many lived in isolation while striving to send money back to the Philippines.

The Delano Grape Strike

By 1965, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, led by Itliong and Philip Vera Cruz, voted to strike in Delano, California. While Chavez was initially hesitant to challenge powerful agribusiness interests, he eventually joined forces with the Filipino organizers. The resulting five-year strike led to collective bargaining agreements for thousands of laborers and the formation of the United Farm Workers.

Challenging the Traditional Narrative

Current discourse suggests a need to move away from deifying single historical figures. Dillon Delvo, executive director of Little Manila Rising, emphasizes the importance of focusing on the trauma and experiences of the community rather than elevating one individual as the sole protagonist. Johnny Itliong, son of Larry Itliong, has publicly argued that Chavez attempted to diminish the Filipino contribution to the movement.

Broadening the Scope of History

Efforts are underway to ensure a more comprehensive historical record. Some local governments are considering renaming Cesar Chavez Day or shifting the focus to September 8, the date the strike began, to better honor Filipino workers. Educators and artists, such as the producers of Larry the Musical, are also working to highlight the often-overlooked contributions of women in the movement, who were essential to the community's survival and success.