Underground Railroad Passage in Manhattan at Risk

A recently identified passageway believed to be part of the Underground Railroad in New York City is under threat due to proposed commercial development. The passage is located within the Merchant's House Museum in the NoHo neighborhood of Manhattan.

Details of the Historic Passage

The hidden passage, first discovered in the 1930s, is described as approximately 2 feet square and descends 15 feet from beneath a chest of drawers on the second floor. Its purpose is believed to have aided enslaved Black Americans in their escape to freedom. While the house dates back to 1832, the exact construction date of the passageway remains unknown.

Abolitionist Roots

The Merchant’s House Museum was built by Joseph Brewster, who was recently confirmed to be an abolitionist. Museum officials state the passage “serves no known domestic purpose,” suggesting its clandestine role in assisting those escaping slavery. Extensive research over two years confirmed the site’s historical significance.

Development Concerns and Potential Damage

The proposed construction of a nine-story mixed-use building adjacent to the museum has raised concerns about potential structural damage. Emily Hill-Wright, the museum’s director of operations, stated, “What our engineers are saying is that there really is no way that a building of that size is built immediately next door to the museum without causing significant structural damage to our historic building.”

Community and Advocacy Response

Rev. Al Sharpton has warned of the risk of “irreversible damage” to the site. The developer, Kalodop II Park Corp., seeks to replace a one-story garage at 27 East 4th St. with the larger structure, including potential retail space. Previous construction plans were approved in 2023, but new plans submitted in December propose a two-story increase.

Historical Context and Risks to Abolitionists

Jacob Morris, director of the Harlem Historical Society, emphasized the dangers faced by those aiding enslaved people. “Bounty hunters were all over the place in New York City,” Morris explained. “They made their living on catching freedom-seeking Blacks.” He added that assisting escapees could result in severe repercussions, including mob violence and physical harm.

Recent Archaeological Discoveries

The discovery of this passageway is part of a trend of recent archaeological finds related to African American history. These include historically significant remains found on Edisto Island, South Carolina, last June, and artifacts unearthed from the oldest surviving schoolhouse for Black children in Williamsburg, Virginia, last summer.

Landmarks Commission Decision Pending

New York City’s Landmarks Preservation Commission is scheduled to decide on the proposed development. The increased visitor numbers to the museum following the discovery highlight the site’s cultural importance.