Dementia's Hidden Symptom: Beyond Memory Loss

Early dementia may not always present with the commonly recognized symptom of memory loss. Clinicians and researchers are now emphasizing the importance of recognizing changes in attention as a potential early indicator, a sign that can be overlooked by conventional cognitive assessments.

Why Attention Deficits Are Missed

According to experts, attention deficits have historically been overlooked because they are less readily recognized and described by the public compared to memory issues. “Everyone knows what is and can describe and report changes,” explained Dr. Anna Tales, adding that there is “much less public understanding of attention”—including the different “types” of attention.

Recognizing Changes in Attention

So, what do attention-related changes look like in everyday life? Dr. Tales noted that research is ongoing to fully understand the subjective experience of these shifts. However, individuals might report experiencing increased distractibility, difficulty focusing, trouble finding objects in cluttered spaces, or challenges with multitasking – such as walking and talking simultaneously.

Other potential signs include difficulty switching attention between tasks, fluctuations in concentration, and problems with planning and decision-making. It’s important to remember that changes in attention, like memory changes, do not automatically indicate dementia.

The Limitations of Current Screening Tools

The concern is that current dementia screening tools often prioritize memory assessment, potentially missing early attention problems. For example, the widely used Mini-Mental State Examination isn’t always sensitive to subtle cognitive changes and tests a limited range of cognitive abilities.

The Importance of Comprehensive Assessment

While attention – particularly executive function – is already considered in healthcare, Dr. Tales believes greater emphasis should be placed on other, less-known aspects of attention, especially in the early stages of potential cognitive decline. “Awareness of such changes may help in early diagnosis and a person’s journey through treatment by ensuring that attention-related changes are assessed... when measuring a person’s quality of life and their daily functionality,” she stated.

Supporting Individuals with Attention Changes

Increased awareness can also empower families to provide more targeted support. For instance, if someone struggles to find items in cluttered environments, simplifying their surroundings could significantly improve their daily life.

Source: Tales, A., Thomas, C., Littlemore, K., & Brown, R. (2023). A New Approach to Dementia: Examining Attention Impairment. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/A-New-Approach-to-Dementia-Examining-Attention-Impairment/Tales-Thomas-Littlemore-Brown/p/book/9781041006152