The recent Champions League match between Arsenal and Atletico Madrid has ignited a debate regarding the proper implementation of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology. Concerns are growing that referees are being unduly influenced by VAR officials and are hesitant to overrule their suggestions, even when the evidence is not conclusive.

The Arsenal-Atletico Madrid Controversy

The penalty awarded to Atletico Madrid against Arsenal in their Champions League clash highlights a critical issue with VAR implementation. Referee Danny Makkelie, influenced by VAR official Dennis Higler, overturned his initial no-penalty call. This decision was widely debated and considered by many to fall short of the threshold for VAR intervention.

IFAB Protocol and 'Clear and Obvious Error'

The International Football Association Board (IFAB) protocol clearly states that VAR intervention should only occur in cases of ‘clear and obvious error’ or ‘serious missed incident’. Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta described the decision as “completely unacceptable,” reflecting the widespread dissatisfaction with the call.

Two Core Problems with VAR

This situation is not isolated, but rather a symptom of two core problems. The first is a consistent failure to adhere to the established protocol, with VAR officials seemingly unable or unwilling to consistently apply the ‘clear and obvious error’ standard.

Peer Pressure and Hierarchical Structure

The second, more complex issue stems from human dynamics, peer pressure, and a hierarchical structure within the refereeing community. Referees appear hesitant to contradict the decisions suggested by their VAR colleagues, potentially prioritizing a ‘quieter life’ over upholding the integrity of the game.

Examples of Influenced Decisions

This is particularly evident when referees and VAR officials are from the same country, or frequently work together, creating a sense of obligation to ‘stick together’. Italian referee Maurizio Mariani reversed a penalty decision in Liverpool’s match against PSG, influenced by VAR official Marco Di Bello, both Italians. Mariani reportedly felt pressured to change his initial call.

Similarly, Sandro Scharer awarded a penalty against Bayern Munich despite not initially seeing a foul. These instances suggest a systemic problem where referees are reluctant to challenge VAR interventions, even when their own judgment differs.

Restoring Referee Authority

The current system fosters an environment where referees prioritize avoiding conflict with their VAR colleagues over making independent, confident decisions. Ultimately, football matches should be officiated by those on the field, and changes are needed to restore that principle and ensure fair play.