A mysterious “golden orb” discovered in the Gulf of Alaska during a 2023 deep-sea expedition has been identified as a remnant from a giant deep-sea anemone, Relicanthus daphneae. The object initially puzzled researchers, prompting a detailed investigation.

Initial Discovery and Speculation

The orb was first spotted over two miles underwater by a remotely operated vehicle during a NOAA expedition. Its unusual appearance sparked curiosity, with initial hypotheses ranging from an egg case to a deceased sponge or a unique marine dwelling.

The Identification Process

Researchers carefully collected the orb using a suction sampler and transported it to the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History for analysis. The investigation involved examining the orb’s physical characteristics alongside advanced genetic analysis.

Key Clues and Genetic Analysis

Early observations revealed a fibrous material with a layered surface densely packed with cnidocytes – stinging cells characteristic of cnidarians. Scientist Abigail Reft identified spirocysts, stinging cells exclusive to the Hexacorallia group of cnidarians.

Initial DNA barcoding attempts were inconclusive due to contamination. However, whole-genome sequencing revealed animal DNA and substantial genetic material from a giant deep-sea anemone.

Confirmation and Significance

Mitochondrial genome sequencing of both the 2023 orb and a similar specimen collected in 2021 confirmed a near-identical genetic match to a known reference genome of Relicanthus daphneae. This confirmed the orb was a remnant of this species.

The Importance of Deep-Sea Exploration

William Mowitt, acting director of NOAA Ocean Exploration, emphasized the frequent occurrence of mysteries in the deep ocean. He highlighted the power of DNA sequencing in unraveling these enigmas.

Mowitt stated the core motivation behind continued exploration is to unlock the ocean’s secrets, enhance our understanding of its resources, and leverage those resources for economic growth, national security, and planetary sustainability.

The discovery serves as a reminder of the vast unknown that lies beneath the waves and the importance of continued investment in deep-sea research. It underscores the collaborative spirit of researchers and the power of technology in exploring remote corners of our planet.