The U.S. Department of Education is investigating Smith College, a historically women’s college in Massachusetts, for potential violations of Title IX. This investigation follows a complaint filed by the conservative legal group, Defending Education.

Investigation Details

The Office of Civil Rights initiated the formal investigation, focusing on whether Smith College’s policy aligns with the original intent of Title IX. Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination in educational programs and activities.

The Core of the Complaint

Defending Education argues that the college’s inclusive admissions policy – which welcomes applicants who self-identify as women, including cisgender, transgender, and nonbinary individuals – undermines the purpose of women’s colleges. They allege the policy prioritizes gender identity over biological sex, creating a discriminatory environment for cisgender women.

Historical Context

Smith College previously faced criticism in 2013 after denying admission to a transgender applicant. This led to policy changes and the current inclusive admissions approach.

Decline of Women's Colleges

The number of women’s colleges in the U.S. has decreased significantly, falling from over 200 to just 30 as of Fall 2023, according to the Women’s College Coalition. This highlights the challenges these institutions face in maintaining their missions.

Broader Implications

The Department of Education emphasizes that Title IX’s allowance for single-sex institutions is based on biological sex differences, not self-identified gender identity. The outcome of this investigation could impact other women’s colleges and the broader debate surrounding transgender rights in education.

National Trend

This investigation is part of a larger national trend of legal challenges to transgender rights, particularly concerning education, healthcare, and public accommodations. Conservative groups are increasingly using legal avenues to oppose progressive policies.

The investigation is expected to be a lengthy process, involving document review, interviews, and legal arguments. The Department of Education will determine if Smith College violated Title IX and, if so, what corrective actions are needed. The complaint was originally lodged in June 2025.